ERP systems are designed to provide this level of integration to enable process-centric workflows throughout companies (Kamhawi, 2008). In terms of data, ERP systems deal with a multitude of different types, from supplier- and product-specific data to pricing and customer-based data in terms of orders and the status of shipments to customers. The most fundamental aspect of an ERP system is its contribution in streamlining the distributed order management

In other words, as coding begins, testing begins and continues as a parallel process to the coding activity. Even when the installation process has begun, testing should continue. Installation is the process of actually replacing the current system or programs with the new system or programs. Thus, coding, testing, and installation processes create several deliverables that can be used as signoff points for management. The testing and implementation process should

My role as an expert user of information systems in organizational IS will involve evaluating the user needs as well as the system functionality. I also make sure that the Information Communication Technology (ICT) facilities meet the required needs in the organization. My other role will include scheduling the upgrades and the security backups of both the hardware and for software systems. As an expert user of IS, I try

It is possible to avoid becoming a victim of such crimes through some basic precautionary methods. Firstly, it is essential to store or discard personal information in a careful manner. This means personal documents should not be left lying around or shared through internet. All personal information should be stored in a secure place. All sorts of old receipts, expired cards, bank statements and checks should be disposed of

Attacks on the system security include password theft, back doors and bugs, social engineering, protocol failures, authentication failures, Denial of Service attacks, active attacks, botnets, exponential attacks including worms and viruses, and information leakage. (Fortify Software Inc., 2008); (Fortify Software, n. d.) Servers are targets of security attacks due to the fact that servers contain valuable data and services. For instance, if a server contains personal information about employees, it

Federal Information Security Management Act (FISMA) The Federal Information Security Management Act places emphasis on the importance of training and awareness program and states under section 3544 (b).(4).(A), (B) that "security awareness training to inform personnel, including contractors and other users of information systems that support the operations and assets of the agency of- information security risks associated with their activities; and their responsibilities in complying with agency policies and procedures